Generic Usenet Account wrote:
> My apologies for this basic question.  Kindly explain to me the
> relationship/difference between XML Infoset, DTD and XML Schema.  I
> know the difference between DTD and XML Schema, but however hard I
> try, I just don't seem to understand what Wikipedia says about XML
> Infosets.  Any insight will be appreciated.

The XML Infoset is the abstract description of what meaningful 
information an XML document might contain, including DTD, Schema, 
Namespace, base URI, and so on. Ideally, the other XML Recommendations 
would all have been defined in terms of their relationship to the Infoset.

Unfortunately, for reasons having to do with getting XML accepted 
quickly, we had to do things backward. The XML document syntax and DTDs 
were designed first by substisetting SGML, then the DOM and SAX APIs and 
the XPath Data Model were created to work with the implied infoset, then 
namespaces and schemas came in.

The result is that the XML world is not completely consistent in how it 
expresses things.

And -- again unfortunately, in my opinion -- rather than forcing the 
various existing tools and Recommendations to reconcile with each other, 
the Infoset designed in an escape hatch: it is in theory normative, but 
in practice everything in it is optional... so if you want to present 
the document's data in a different way, you can drop part of the Infoset 
and add that alternative, yet still claim to be a correct implementation
of the Infoset. (The standard bad joke was that "my refrigerator is a 
correct implementation of the Infoset -- if you hand it an XML document, 
it displays none of the content.")

This is all slowly being shuffled through; everyone is gradually moving 
closer to the Infoset's nomenclatures and formalisms.

If you're designing anything new for the XML world, you should define it 
in terms of the Infoset, either directly or indirectly. (XPath 2.0, XSLT 
2.0, and XQuery are defined in terms of a data model which is in turn 
defined in terms of the Infoset.) If you're just using XML, you may not 
need to fully understand the Infoset immediately, but you'll pick up 
more and more of it as you go along.